The Taste of Watermelon

The story was written by Borden Deal, who died in 1985. He was an American novelist and writer of short stories. The story was set in the United States of America in a small village of the countryside. The main characters in the short story were, Freddy Grey and J. D. who are the narrators friends, Mr. Wills who is the father of the beautiful girl, and of course the beautiful girl – Willadean. The narrator has known his guy friends, Freddy Grey and J. D. for years since he moved to this place and started going to school. Willadean is this girl that the narrator is interested in, she is tall and slender. Mr. Wills who is Willadean’s father who everybody was afraid of. He has bright, fierce eyes under heavy eyebrows. The story is about this boy (the narrator) who moved to this certain place and started going to school, was never interested into girls, but he did have an eye on this girl called Willadean. Last year she was nothing compared to who she is now. The narrator mentions how her walk started to turn him on, and how beautiful she really was. But he was afraid to get close to her, cause of her father Mr. Wills who would shake anybody’s soul inside them, with his yelling and always being angry. He had been growing this specific watermelon for a really long time but the narrator decides to steal it at night, most probably to get closer to Willadean, to show that he is not afraid of Mr. Wills where as he really is. He brings his friends Freddy Gray and J. D. with him for support and to help him out, the boys tell him not to do this terrible thing, but unfortunately, he does it. In the end Mr. Wills gets sad after finding out that his watermelon has been kidnapped and bursts out into tears. The narrator does not get closer to Willadean unfortunately and doesn’t even try anymore. The style of the story is written in 3rd person. It uses a lot of hyperbole sentences to make it sound and look more dramatic has really warm atmosphere which really gives the love atmosphere away, which explains a lot of details in certain paragraphs of the story ‘The taste of watermelon’. Maybe the narrator would be able to add some alliteration to make it seem more dramatic. And I would add some more details about the characters to get a much better idea of the characters and be able to picture the characters in your head, to make it seem much easier to you. I enjoyed reading this story. I found it interesting because of the theme of the story, which is basically – love. Because this boy (the narrator) is in love with this girl Willadean and to get closer to her, he decides to steal her father’s watermelon which he had been growing for a really long time. As well as making him extremely mad for once to see the father’s reaction. In the end, the father burst into tears and was very sad for losing his ‘baby’ watermelon; he loved his watermelon so much that Willadean thought he loved the watermelon more than his own daughter. It just really interested me. The Taste of Watermelon Taste of Watermelon is written by Borden Deal. Taste of Watermelon is written in the year of 1979. It is a short story. He is an American author who is dead! He has been dead 25 years. The Taste of Watermelon is set in the country side where a bunch of farmers live. It is set in the states because of the language used. For example ‘golly’ and ‘gosh’. It is set in around the 1970s, the time it was written in. There are 4 main characters I would say. There is Mr. Will who is an old man who is a farmer and every night he guards his huge watermelon with a gun. Then there is a boy who steals the watermelon and eats it up with his friends. He then after he steals it feels really bad and collects the seeds from the floor and gives them to Mr. Wills The story is basically about a boy who steals the watermelon from Mr. Wills and together with his friends; Freddy, Gary, and J. D. , they eat as much as they can of the watermelon and destroy whatever is left. The boy goes home and watches Mr. Wills as he realizes that his watermelon has been stolen. He freaks out and starts destroying all the other watermelons and the boy after a night of not sleeping together with his dad collects all the seeds he could find and gives them to Mr. Wills to plant a field of watermelons for the following year. Mr. wills accepts his apology and is pleased to hear that the boy would love to help Mr. Wills in planting all these seeds. Mr. Wills is happy ?. The author uses 1st person. I personally prefer reading stories written in first person so I as the reader can make a character. When a story is written in first person it is usually more emotional and personal. The language used in this story is pleasant. It is not to formal or informal. The dialogue is funny as it is written in Old American Farmer Language like when they use ‘golly’ and ‘gosh’ I find it very amusing. There isn’t too much description in this story which I absolutely hate so ? I think the main point of this story is to entertain. Yes there is a morale behind everything like in this case it is basically don’t steal and if you do have the courage and decency to own up. But still it seems to me as if the idea of this story is that the writer wanted to write a story that would interest people and they would enjoy reading it. I don’t think that he wanted to send a message across to his readers. It was a great story and I really enjoyed it. It was a bit on the longish side but still enjoyable. The idea was original and really interesting to read. There was a good amount of suspense in this story and it was balanced out between boring bits and funny of interesting bits. As I said before the description wasn’t over done which I can’t stand so on a whole it deserves a ?

Strange Meeting

La’Monta Smith 11/19/12 AP Lit and Comp Strange Meeting By Wilfred Owen In Strange Meeting wrote by Wilfred Owen we enter this poem Owen seemingly escapes out of a battle with very little knowledge of where he is exactly at. After exploratory investigation among the many piteous men and surroundings he discovers he is in the pits of hell. Afterwards, we are drawn into a conversation between the narrator and a fellow solder.Here, we transfer from the narration and dialogue to the poems’ monologue where we begin to dig into the depths of the solder’s spirit. The solder claims that has reason to mourn because of the years he didn’t get to live and how he was cheated out of his future. He also points out that solders are taken for granted by the ones they aren’t in war, and are just content of the spoils of the solders brought them. Blood Boiling indicates that the men, most likely fellow solders , don’t feel accomplished in their voyages in war. The solder then begins to reminisce on who he was before the war, and what he could’ve and would’ve done Differently, but is brought back to reality that he is still in hell. Owen continues to embrace the solders thoughts as he briefly talks about his youth before he began marching the â€Å"retreating world† . A sense of regret is apparent when he says that he wish he could cleanse his soul by washing away the blood that he as spilled.He continues by claiming that he gave his all in war, but he did not expect the amount of death he is surrounded with . Nearing the end, the bond between the Owen and the solder is It is Important to pay attention to the word diction that this poem also has. With horror, the primary Speaker Realizes that it was he who took the man’s life and future away but then rationalizes with Him by stating they were put in an arena and their deaths were inevitable.

Police Officer Essay

* Police officers work in partnership with the communities they serve to maintain law and order, protect members of the public and their property, prevent crime, reduce the fear of crime and improve the quality of life for all citizens. They use a wide range of technology to protect individuals, identify the perpetrators of crime and ensure successful prosecutions against those who break the law. Police officers work closely with members of the criminal justice system, social workers, schools, local businesses, health trusts, housing authorities, town planners and community groups to provide advice, education and assistance to those who wish to reduce crime or have been affected by crime. I chose to research this job because I like to help people and the best way I can imagine doing this is becoming a cop. * Many police departments require that applicants be high school graduates; an increasing number expect some college education. Applicants usually must be at least twenty-one years of age and U.S. citizens. In many communities, applicants must meet minimum requirements for height, weight, eyesight, and hearing. Because most police departments fall under civil service regulations, applicants must pass written tests that measure their analytical skills. Rigorous physical examinations and background checks are also required. New recruits often participate in formal classroom training in police academies. After graduating they continue to train on the job with experienced officers for three to twelve months. In small communities there may be no formal training program. Officers are usually encouraged to continue their education by taking college courses in criminal justice. Police Officers usually wear a uniform while on duty. Police work can be dangerous and stressful. Officers often deal with violent criminals and may be injured or killed. They must make quick decisions while on duty, yet be tactful and patient with people who are in trouble or have been victims of terrible crimes and abuse. Police protection is provided twenty-four hours a day, so officers may work outdoors in all kinds of weather. Work shifts are usually rotated; however, officers are on call at all times for emergencies. Overtime may be required. Earnings vary, depending on location. In 2004 the median salary for police officers was $45,210 per year. As officers advanced through the ranks, wages increased. The average minimum salary for police sergeants was $49,895 per year, while the average minimum for lieutenants was $56,115 per year. The following are some of the benefits provided to police officers: Family/Domestic partner health and dental plans for active employees and their eligible dependents. Sick leave disability benefits – Sworn employees receive twelve days of 100 percent paid sick leave, five days at 75 percent, and five days at 50 percent, upon hiring. Employees may accumulate up to 100 days at 100 percent, 75 percent, and 50 percent paid sick leave. Employees are eligible for a service-connected disability retirement from the date of graduation from basic training.

Philippines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Philippines - Essay Example It has a land area of 114, 672 square miles and stretches almost 1, 150 miles. Its capital is Manila which is located on Luzon. According to Steinberg † The Philippines is one of the most disaster-struck countries in the world† (12). This country is located on the Ring of Fire and is subject to frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Steinberg stated that â€Å"It is averages about five earthquakes a day of all grades and intensities up to 7.9 on the Richter Scale† (12). Its climate is tropical. The monsoons mark the rainy and the dry seasons. In Manila the rain starts from June to November. The cool dry season comes from December to February while the hot dry season is from March to May. It lies in the path of several tropical storms and suffers several strong typhoons between July and October. The Philippines has a long history of exporting agricultural products. Rice is the symbol of life (Steinberg, 2000: 15). It is the most important crop grown in the country. The farmers rely on the monsoons to give the plant the necessary water. Bad crops can affect the peasants. The tropical rain forests are one of the key sources of export income. However, tree cutting and milling are changing the landscape and causing disasters. There are major extractive mining industries as the country has large deposits of chromite and gold. Of the 49. 4 million acres of mineral land, only 34. 6 million have been geologically surveyed. (Steinberg, 2000: 29). The Philippine territorial waters offer 2,000 local species of fish, giving the people a new source of protein. In the past few decades, prawn farming has become the major industry throughout the archipelago, offering the promise of a new export product. The Philippines is a democratic country. The population of the Philippines was approximately 84.2 million in 2004 (Abinales & Amoroso, 2005: 16). Filipinos are distinguished by ethno linguistic groups originally corresponding to geographical

What are three rewards and three challenges that you will face as a Essay

What are three rewards and three challenges that you will face as a teacher - Essay Example So the very privilege of getting the opportunity to shape and direct the young minds as a teacher is a great reward in itself (Kauchak &Eggen, 2010). Besides, it is a discernable, yet, never accepted fact that teaching is not regarded by the contemporary society as a real and challenging profession (Kauchak & Eggen, 2010). Very few people harbor the ambition and desire to choose teaching as a profession. So, as a teacher I will find it really tempting to present myself as a competitive and ambitious role model dedicated to serving the society, in the field of education. As a teacher I intend to be really proactive in my approach and choices. I not only aim to do the best where I am placed, but also aspire to advance in the ranks by the dint of my sincerity and dedication, intending to ascend the professional platform where I have the power to make the real changes required in the contemporary education system. I am also aware of the challenges that I will have to face as a teacher. One immediate challenge will be the academic norms set by the No Kid Left behind Act. In my opinion the kind of standardization and homogenization that this Act has ushered in the education system has pragmatically done very little to improve it (Cochran-Smith, 2005, p. 99). I also hold that a teacher tends to be the part of a team involving other stakeholders like parents and the society (Kauchak & Eggen, 2010). Considering my intolerance for the lack of parental involvement, I think this issue will be the other big challenge that I will have to deal with as a teacher. As I have already said that teaching is about team work, hence a single teacher cannot bring about the desired changes in a systematic and timely manner, unless one’s zeal and enthusiasm is to some extent shared by one’s seniors, colleagues and the entire system in general (Moore, 2004, p. 133) . So one more challenge for me will b e to bring in a leadership that intends to restore passion

Martin Wong Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Martin Wong - Essay Example He focused his attention completely to painting. His move to New York came as a friendly challenge. He did drawings and made ceramics at art fairs. He was known as Human Instamatic before then. He made $7.5 per portrait he drew. By 1978, his record had been 27 fairs in a single day. His friends challenged him to move to New York since he was evidently superb at his job. Although the works of Martin Worth inspired the growth of hip hop culture, his creative arts leaves little to be desired in perpetuating societal values. Wong’s mature career began a few years before moving to New York. The works ranged from heartfelt renderings of the decaying Lower East Sides to playful and almost kitschy depictions of China Towns of San Francisco and New York. He drew and painted traffic signs for the hearing impaired too. Perhaps, the best known and remembered collaborative works of Wong is the alliance between him and Miguel Pinero, the Nuyorican poet. His paintings often combined the poetry of Pinero and the painstaking stylized finger spellings and cityscapes he drew and painted. The artist’s Loisaida pieces coupled with his collaboration with Pinero formed part of the Nuyorican movement (Wong 12). Nuyorican Movement that Wong became a significant part of refers to an intellectual and cultural movement that involves poets, artists, writers and musicians who are Puerto Rican descendents or have association with Puerto Rico and live near New York. He joined the group that had his origin in the 1960s and 1970s within the neighborhoods such as East Harlem, South Bronx and Loisaida as a means to validate the Puerto Rican experience in the United States of America. It was meant to better the standards of the poor and the working class populaces that suffered from ostracism, marginalization and discrimination. The term that they gave the group of artists was used as an insult until renowned artists such as Miguel Algarin

Reading Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reading Culture - Essay Example According to Foucault, this is so effective and in fact the guard does not have to always be present. Foucault argues using this illusion that the structure of power in the society resembles the one existing at the Panopticon. She continues to assert that the power of control the manner in which society acts originates from institution formation. The formed institutions then form kinds of behaviors considered wrong or right. As people are raised and age, they learn the norms of the institutions and remain vigilant not to go against them. From this, people have a perception that there is one empowered authoritative figure that exercises agency over the general society. But just like Panopticon that does not need a guard to be present to remain effective, the society institutions do not need an empowered authoritative figure. In essence, all members of the society act as authority since everyone indicate the significance of following the institutional norms by performing them. In fact Foucault asserts that there is no need any longer for an empowered authoritative figure since the society system is already set, there is the presence of illusion. In his essay, Foucault continues to say that power continues due to the application of discipline. She explains hat discipline is a technique used in exercising power. We can therefore say that discipline is basically a tool that is used to allow continuation of or strengthen power. People fear violating the norms and rules not just because they were generated by something or someone with power, but they are afraid to do so because they know that violating the norms and rules would make them victims of disciplinary sanction. John Berger in his essay Ways of seeing, Berger argues that the manner in which people perceive or view art is personally dictated by them, but by those who are seen as the experts and elites of art. This is an illustration of Panopticism in that most people perceive art in the manner in which an assu med authority informs them. In his essay, Berger demonstrates the way in which catalogues of art emphasize the significance of the background information that is identified with the art work rather than the factual meaning of art itself. He continues to say that art catalogues do not deal with the image meaning, but rather deals with the people who had the painting commissioned, the likely date of the art, the legal squabbles, people who own the art, and the families of the owners of the art. This means that the perceived experts of art only focus on the painting’s background information basically to have the painting assessed. This is because these perceived art experts writing the catalogues are also the perceived institution authorities by majority of people. Hence, just like Panopticon, people look at art the way they feel subject authority would prefer them to perceive it. Berger’s work demonstrates the power exhibited by an empowered authoritative figure in the s ystem of Panopticon. However, the art critics and elites that he refers to in his writing do not simply hold power for reasons of being perceived as the authority. Power and authority are, through the use of discipline, demonstrated. The writings of Laura Kipnis expound the idea of Panopticism and demonstrate the manner in whi

Ethical Dilemmas Managers Face Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ethical Dilemmas Managers Face - Research Paper Example Thereby it helps to take the decisions by maintaining the ethical point of view. Employees of an organization may have varied responses towards the most ethically appropriate or inappropriate action for a particular situation. In such cases managers of the organizations often face with problems to identify what is right and what is wrong. And to add to that they also sometime gets ragged between qualms and their duties towards the organizations. Even sometimes when the managers feel that something is unethical they want to take a stand on that but prevent themselves by the fear of losing their job (Lane & Daft, 2009, p.130). Ethical standards are always not codified therefore divergences and dilemmas often occurs about the correct behavior. Principally Ethical dilemmas occur in a situation which is concerned about the correct and incorrect, when moral values and principles are in conflict. The reason for existence of these dilemmas occurs because every time acknowledgement of right a nd wrong cannot be done evidently. The report will highlight on the areas such as the ethical dilemmas faced by manages of organizations. The report is also principally focused to highlight the approaches by which ethical behavior can be evaluated. In order to this the report will also explain the concepts of utilitarian, individualism, moral-rights, and justice approaches. And at the end of it all the report will try to put a conclusion on how these ethical dilemmas can be overpowered. The approach for dealing with conflict situation and overcome the same will be studied in this report. It will also highlight the advantages of ethical behavior for the organization. Ethical dilemmas faced by managers In the everyday operations, almost all managers of different field are faced with some principled and ethical dilemmas. Ethical dilemmas can arise due to many reasons. Efforts made by the management to achieve the organizational objectives may clash with employee’s endeavor of fu lfilling their personal goals. There can be a conflict of interest where an action promoting or benefitting one group has all the likelihood to harm another group. As such, there can be a violation of honesty and integrity which may lead to conflict and one example for this could be the misuse of internet in office. There might be a clash between loyalty and truth. This happens when reality about the company does not seem approving and individuals have to choose between honesty and loyalty. (Boone, & Kurtz, 2011, p. 41-42). Ethical dilemmas are a situation that occurs when the state of affairs demands an individual or a group to choose between several options that might be right or wrong. It is a situation in which two or more options get equally strong support. For example a manger might be faced with a situation when they have to choose between reductions in salaries of local staff versus outsourcing of functions. Another typical example could be the case of the hiring manager who is face with a situation when asked to choose between a qualified female candidate and a disabled person who is equally qualified. In such situations chances of making decision that are absolutely correct is very low. Also managers have to make decisions starting from hiring of the employee till the termination and they are faced with unusual ethical dilemmas at all stages (Morally right, n.d.). Managers are entrusted with the duty of

U05a1 Project - Outline and Bibliography Assignment

U05a1 Project - Outline and Bibliography - Assignment Example Retrieved 9 august, 2009 from http://www.sas.com/technologies/architecture/information-management/index.html Galrahn. (2009). The great debate about the future fleet structure. Information Dissemination.net. Retrieved 9 august, 2009 from http://www.informationdissemination.net/2009/02/great-debate-about-future-fleet.html Heller, R. (2006). Management Challenges: The Management Revolution has brought with it challenges that must be met. Thinkingmanagers.com. Retrieved 9 August, 2009 from http://www.thinkingmanagers.com/management/management-challenges.php Linton, R.D. (2003). Information dissemination management tactical: Providing information at the right place and format. Army Communicator, Winter (III), Retrieved 9 August, 2009 from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0PAA/is_4_28/ai_n6118597/ Moseley, M. (2009). Multidomain master data management for business success. IInformation Management and Sourcemedia Inc. Retrieved 9 August, 2009 from http://www.information-management.com/specialreports/2009_153/mdm_master_data_management_analytics_manufacturing_marketing-10015747-1.html Svenkerud, P. J. (1995). Testing the applicability of two information dissemination models, diffusion of innovations and social marketing, for HIV/AIDS prevention among unique population groups in Thailand. Ohio: Ohio

The IT infrastructure Essay Example for Free

The IT infrastructure Essay Integrated Distributors Incorporated is facing a lot of challenges. The IT infrastructure has a lot of outdated hardware and software in multiple locations. This greatly increases security risks and exposes confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Some network compromises have ensued due to the outdated hardware and software. Sensitive and strategic information has been leaked to the public and it is time we put an end to this. End users are the number one security risk and must be dealt with first. In order to accomplish this goal, the company will need to replace the old, outdated systems with new, up-to-date systems. Dell is the optimal company to pursue these systems as they have a full support system that comes with the workstations. All networking components will need to be upgraded next as the current system is not very secure or reliable. I suggest going with a full cisco infrastructure and maintaining physical security by putting all of the switches in racks. Upgrading the infrastructure to a unified cisco presence will also scale into phone systems as well with VOIP options. This will also allow a unified presence with instant messenger and meetings online as well. A Cisco VPN will also be installed for remote access controls. The entirety of the network will have to be protected with Barracuda Firewalls as the threat to intrusion is rather high judging the frequency of the preceding attacks. The company will need to do a cost management analysis to this, however from my understanding, with the increased efficiency; we will be looking to come out on top after a three year return of investment on this purchase. I fully recommend we look at putting a honeypot somewhere in the DMZ so we can monitor how hackers attempt to gain access and thwart their efforts in the future. The Warsaw, Poland location, we must find a new proxy server to replace the IBM Infinity hardened server. The decentralization of all file servers and application servers will need to halt. Virtualization will need to be implemented over the first year to gain stability over the market with our products. I nominate we rent space from RackSpace in two separate locations to gain redundancy and minimize our latency in the event that  customers attempt to connect from a different location. RackSpace has extremely tight security and without authorization, access is not granted. The locations for RackSpace will be Dallas and Chicago as they are far apart and both locations are not as susceptible to the elements as other locations. Virtual hosting solutions will be set up in both locations and a full 100mbps MPLS circuit will be needed for replication purposes. A bulk of the hosting will be done from Dallas and most of the backup servers and replication hosts will be in Chicago just in case of a power outage within Dallas. An intrusion detection system will need to be set up to find intruders and alert IT staff to lock down the network. In order to prevent them from getting in, we will need to have an intrusion prevention system as well. The intrusion detection system will be set up to send e-mail messages to each network engineer. I also nominate removing Mareck from the Information Technology department and finding him a more suitable position as he is not fit for the position he is currently holding. All software that is currently being used will need to be researched and replacements will need to be found. We must find another software vendor to replace Oracle financials for accounting and financial systems, Logisuite 4.2.2, and RouteSim. All patching for computers and servers will need to be done manually and never automatically. All automatic updates will need to be turned off as they can potentially cause an outage. The information technology team will determine when patching will take place and send an e-mail stating when it needs to be done. In conclusion, IDI has a lot to do in order to secure their data. The cost effective and efficient manner is a very difficult solution, however the payoff is way better.

Roots Of Conflict In Syria Politics Essay

Roots Of Conflict In Syria Politics Essay The Syrian uprising began in March 2011 with anti-government protests in provincial areas that later spread throughout the country. Although the protests began in March 2011, the battle for power or internal control in Syria is not a fresh issue; rather it dates back to 1947 when Michel Aflaq along with Salah-al-Din al-Bitar founded the Baath party in Syria. The years following this saw military coups by people such as Adib al-Shishakhli, who was ousted by Army officers again who returned the civilian government to power. Then in 1958 Syria along with Egypt joined the United Arab Republic (UAR). Egyptian president at that time Gamal Abdel Nasser instructed the disbanding of Syrian political parties, which was disappointment to the Baath party that had campaigned for a union. After a period of 3 years, in September 1961, dissatisfaction because of the Egyptian authority of the UAR prompted a handful of Syrian army officers to control power in Damascus and disband the Union. In a simil ar army coup in March 1963 a Baathist cabinet was appointed and Amin Al-Hafez was selected as the president. This was not the end of internal strife which saw Salah Jadid lead a coup against the civilian Baathist leadership, by overthrowing the then president Amin Al-Hafez and arresting prominent figures like Salah Al-Din Al-Bitar and Michel Aflaq. Meanwhile, this also coincides with at the rise of Hafez Al-Assad who becomes the defence minister. In June 1967 Syria, Jordan and Egypt wage war against Israel which resulted in the destruction of much of the Syrian forces. In a crippling post war state, Hafez Al-Assad overthrew President Nur Al-Din Al-Atasi and imprisoned Salah Jadid who was responsible for the coup and gets elected as President for a term of seven years in a plebiscite in 1971. Two years after Hafez Al-Assad came in power, in 1973 riots breaks out when Hafez Al-Assad dropped one of the constitutional requirements that the President must be a Muslim and was accused of heading an atheist regime, which caused uproar in Syria however the uproar were easily suppressed by the army. In 1980 Muslim brotherhood tried to assassinate Assad. In the same year war broke out between Iraq and Iran in which Syria backed Iran because of bitterness between Iraqi Baathists and the Baathists in Syria. In February 1982 two years after the failed assassination of Hafez, Muslim Brotherhood started an uprising in the city of Hama; but once again the military suppressed the riots. In February 1987 Hafez Al-Assads brother had been promoted to the post of vice-president by 1984 as well. In June 2000 Hafez Al-Assad died and his second son Bashar Al-Assad succeeded him. After assuming power Bashar Al-Assad orders the release of political prisoners, Syrian troops evacuate Beirut and redeploy in other parts of Lebanon and it appeared as if he might lead the country to a different road. But, later in the same year President Bashar Al-Assad detained MPs and pro-reform activists, arrests continued, punctuated by occasional amnesties over the following years. The clashes of March 2004, between members of the Kurds the minority sect in Syria, the police and the Arabs in the north-east, left at least 25 dead. Moreover, in May 2004 US imposed economic sanctions on Syria over the allegation of supporting terrorism and failure to keep check on militants who were entering Iraq, which dealt a serious blow to the Syrian economy. In the backdrop of this continued internal strife, regional wars and regional interventionism, and international sanctions we see the roots of the politica l and economic problems Syria is facing today. All of this becomes multiplied many a fold because of the tyrant regime of Bashar Al-Assad that is in place (BBC news, 20 Nov 2012). Arab Spring Arab spring has played a major role in the initiating the civil war that has engulfed Syria and in fact the Syrian conflict is considered as a part of the movements towards democratization in Arab states. The Arab spring started in 2010 when protest broke out in the Middle East as a result of which long-time regimes in Libya, Tunisia and Egypt were brought to an end. The protests in these countries were a spark of hope to be free from tyrant regimes which ignited in other countries of Middle East like Yemen and Bahrain and continued their spread to include Syria as well. Although all these states saw protests and internal conflict as part of the transformation, none of these countries got involved into a full-fledged civil war as was the case with Syria. This was due to a combination of various factors that led Syria down the path of conflict rather than peaceful transformation. (Corydon Ireland, 30 Nov 2012) . Roots of Conflicts in Syria Every event has at least one main cause which gives birth to that event such is the case with Syria. While the Arab Spring provided the spark, there are number of factors that resulted in Syria getting to such a dire state. The Syrian crisis did not start over night as said before it has been going on for over a number of years. These chequered histories combined by the factors listed below are the driving forces behind unrest in Syria: Domestic and regional causes: 1. Political repression President Bashar Al-Assad assumed power in the year 2000 after the death of his father Hafez who had ruled Syria since 1970. After assuming the power Assad quickly destroyed all hopes of reform, as power remained concentrated in the ruling family, and the one-party system left few channels for political opposition. With no peaceful transfer of power since the 1950s, the only way to bring about changes was through military coup or an all-out civil war. (Primoz Manfreda) 2. Discredited ideology Syrian Baath party is regarded as the founder of Arab socialism, an ideological current that merged state-led economy with Pan-Arab nationalism. However, by 2000 the Baathist ideology was reduced to an empty shell, discredited by lost wars with Israel and a crippled economy. Upon taking power, Assad tried to modernize the regime invoking the Chinese model of economic reform, but time and other factors was running against him. There was also a lack of vision on his part in realizing that certain aspects of the Chinese model could not be applied to Syria because of regional and cultural context. (Primoz Manfreda) 3. Uneven economy Cautious reform of the leftovers of socialism opened the door to private investment, triggering an explosion of consumerism among the urban upper-middle classes. However, privatization has favored families with personal links to Assad, leaving provincial Syria, later the hotbed of the uprising, seething with anger as living costs soared and jobs remained scarce. This disparity in the economy furthered the high resentment present within the local population against the regime. (Primoz Manfreda) 4. Drought Drought was one of the major reasons behind the crippled economy and thus contributed to the uprising. A persistent drought has devastated farming communities in north-eastern Syria, affecting more than a million people since 2008. Tens of thousands of impoverished farmer families flocked into rapidly expanding urban slums. Their anger at the lack of government help was further fuelled by the new pretentious wealth of the rich that they saw and increased feelings of marginalization and powerlessness. (Primoz Manfreda) 5. Population growth Syrias rapidly growing young population was always going to be a demographic time bomb waiting to explode. Rapid growing population meant that there were even fewer jobs and more people we left unemployed. High unemployment rate leads to resentment amongst the people which is also a contributing factor in any uprising. (Primoz Manfreda) 6. New media Although the state media is tightly controlled, the proliferation of satellite TV, mobile phones and the internet after 2000 meant that any government attempt to insulate the youth from the outside world was doomed to fail. The exposure of the mass society to ideas of modernity, transformation and internal freedom were always going to catch on. Moreover, the use of the new media was critical to the activist networks that underpin the uprising in Syria in particular and the movement of Arab Spring in general. (Primoz Manfreda) 7. Corruption The much thrown around phrase that Syria is seething with corruption is an understatement of sorts. Whether its a license to open a small shop or a car registration, well-placed payments are the way to go in Syria. For those without the money and good contacts, its a powerful grievance against the state. Ironically, the system is corrupt to such an extent that even anti-Assad rebels buy weapons from the government forces, and families bribe the authorities to release relatives that have been detained during the uprising. (Primoz Manfreda) 8. State violence Syrias vast intelligence services, the infamous mukhabarat, penetrate all spheres of society. The fear of the state is one of the reasons why so many Syrians simply take the regime as a fact of life. But the outrage over the brutal response of the security forces to the outbreak of peaceful protest in spring 2011, documented and spread all across through social media, helped generate the snowball effect as thousands across Syria joined the uprising. The more people were killed, the more protests it led to. (Primoz Manfreda) 9. Minority rule Syria is a majority Sunni Muslim country but the top positions in the security apparatus are in the hands of the Alawites, a Shiite religious minority to which the Assad family belongs. A significant part of the Sunnis still resent the fact that so much power is monopolized by a handful of Alawi families. While sectarian differences by themselves may not be the driving force of the Syrian uprising, the combination of a majority Sunni protest movement and an Alawi-dominated military has added to the tension in religiously mixed areas, such as the city of Homs. (Primoz Manfreda) 10. Tunisia effect Last but not least, the wall of fear in Syria would not have been broken at this particular time had it not been for Mohamed Bouazizi, a Tunisian street-vendor whose self-immolation in December 2010 triggered a wave of anti-government uprisings across the Middle East. Watching the fall of Tunisian and Egyptian regimes in early 2011, made millions in Syria aware that change was possible for the first time in decades. (Primoz Manfreda). International Community Interests: International community has also played an important role in sparking the fire in Syria. Since Syria like other Middle East countries is an oil rich country it has caught the attention of both the west and the east. United States and other Western countries like United Kingdom are as keener on getting their hands on the Syrian oil facilities as much as Russia or China or any other state for that matter. Secondly being the neighbour of Israel, Syria plays a strategic role for Russia and China in keeping the western influence in check since most of its neighbours are United States influenced countries. . International Relations Theories Analysis of Syrian Conflict International relations are a necessity for any country to survive in this modern competitive world. Any country that is isolated from the world cannot survive this immense competition of survival on its own. However, even within the interaction between states the rule of survival of the fittest still applies yet no State is free from the impact of dynamics around the world on its own situation. Similarly any internal situation in a country does have an impact on its relations with the whole world for example the Syrian crisis is a hot topic for the entire world. Moreover we see that because of the suffering and the situation within, Syria is isolated, it does not have good relations with almost all the countries especially the western countries and Israel. Different people view the dynamics of international relations through diverse paradigms. Although the causes of Syrian uprising can be viewed through any of these frameworks, in my view the following major theoretical frames of in ternational relations define the Syrian crisis in a more relevant manner Syrian crisis-Realist view The picture of realism theory can be perfectly seen to be at work; since according to realism it is peoples own interest is the principle driving force behind their competitive relations with each other. They do not desire to be dictated rather want to do what they wish and they do not want to be taken advantage of by anybody. [Robert Jackson and George Sorensen; (2010), page 59]. In Syrias situation people are rebelling against the government because it is dictating people and taking away their freedom to do anything they wish and captivating them in their own interest. These actions of people to liberate themselves from the tyranny of the Al-Assads government clearly indicates that they want what realist think is in the human nature and the conflict supports the idea and assumption of realists that conflicts are ultimately resolved by war or conflict. Moreover, under realism interests define relationships and alliances and this can be clearly seen in the manner of support for Syria . Russian interests in exporting arms as well as the Russia-China interesting in diluting the influence of other big powers in the region has not only brought them together but is also reflected in their tacit support of the Al-Assad regime. The situation also supports the idea that the progress in international politics is comparable to that in the domestic life for example Syria is not only facing internal political problems but also external because of political instability within the country; as a result of which the country is at a standstill. Syrian crisis-Constructivist view In social theory constructivists emphasize the social construction of reality. Constructivists view that Human relations, including international relations, consist of thought and ideas and not essentially of material conditions or forces (Robert Jackson and George Sorensen; (2010), page 162). Social constructivism definitely sheds light on the Syrian crisis because this theory explains a significant part of the social organization of the country in a historical and social context and its impact on the society of the country and its impact on international relations. The society of Syria has been always been kept under tight control during the French times, even after Syria liberated from the French the army took power of the state and ruled over the society. Dictatorship has always been there in Syria and democracy has not been promoted hence even the most capable people have been kept suppressed and the society has always remained the same throughout after liberation. Media has bee n kept under strict control by the dictators. The people have always fought for power so power battles have been going on in Syria. Due to lack of existence of democracy people did not have the right to say or do anything. Ideas of women and voice have been ignored by the ones in power all in all society has been kept primitive by government by force, in line with its policy to stay in power by any means necessary. Because of the power hunger dictators the society has suffered a lot and was isolated from world. With the wave of new social movements in the Arab world the Syrian people also realized that they could have a state and a way of life that they want for themselves and they do not have to abide by the historical notions of power and social organization. Thus it leads to the possibility of constructing their own method of governance, social organization and economy fuelling ideas of change that have eventually contributed to the current state of conflict. Conclusion As we have seen in the above discussion about the problems that Syria is facing it is more of a government problem than the society as a whole. Because of the continuous tyranny of the government over a long period of time, people now forced to stand up for themselves against their brutal government in order to live peacefully in Syria. The catalyst that gave people of Syria the courage to rise up against the government is the Arab Spring. Today people of Syria are willing to pay any price for the revolution to succeed and overthrow Bashar Al-Assad and his government. Since the start of conflict, even though thousands of people have been killed, the people still stand headstrong in order to achieve their objective. As far as the theory of international relations is concerned most of the time more than one theory explains and supports situations like Syria. I have chosen Realistic theory because it helps understand the very nature of human power relations and secondly I have chosen Co nstructivism because it helps understand the importance of society and the role it plays in the building of relationships amongst people within the country and with all other countries of the world. International relations can be thought of as being dependent on five things; freedom, security, welfare, order and justice. However if we look closely at Syria not even one of these criteria are met; all the more reason Syria needs to realise which path it is taking and where it would lead to. A constant internal struggle influenced by the regional and global environment is what will ensue unless a dramatic change is brought around.

Treatment of Paediatric Acute Pain

Treatment of Paediatric Acute Pain The attempt of this essay is to examine how the UK NHS paramedics treat acute pain in paediatric population. This essay will accentuate the importance of adequate training and research in paediatric care. Paramedics employed by UK NHS Ambulance trust have a diverse selection of analgesics at their disposal for acute mild to severe pain, ranging from paracetamol and ibuprofen to Entonox and intravenous morphine sulphate. (JRCALC) This essay will look at the management of acute moderate to severe pain with emphasis on the barriers that prevent paramedics from assessing and treating paediatric patients with pain adequately, as well as intravenous morphine versus intranasal fentanyl debate. Different ways of treating pain in emergency services and departments around the world will be discussed and appropriate literature from emergency care will be used to support the statements made throughout this essay. Hennes, Kim, Ronald and Pirrallo (2005) describe pain as a complex multidimensional phenomenon that is difficult to assess, particularly in young children. Combined with the fact that pain is the most common symptom in the emergency setting (Alonso and Wensley, 2003), it is fundamental that we understand and improve the care for all patients in pain. However, there is disparity between assessment and treatment of adults and paediatrics. This phenomenon has been described for over 25 years (Schechter, 1989). Watkins (2006) is in agreement with Schechter (1989) that adult patients are more than twice as likely to receive opiate analgesia for acute moderate to severe pain, when compared with children who describe similar pain scores. The UK NHS Ambulance trust has been under long term criticism, because of inadequate provision of analgesia for paediatric patients. This view has changed in 2003 when Medicines and Health care products Regulatory Agency approve the use of morphine in the aforementioned group of patients. Today, intravenous morphine sulphate and morphine sulphate oral solution can be safely administer by registered paramedics. Recently, many studies who targeted the emergency services around the world discovered that healthcare professionals are often unable to assess and treat paediatric patient in pain (JRCALC, 2013). Important step in addressing oligoanalgesia is by identifying the barriers to inadequate pain management. This statement is supported by numerous authors including Ricard-Hibon, Chollet, Saada, Loridant and Marty (1999), Bruns, Dieckmann, Shagoury, Dingerson and Swatzell (1992) and Jones and Machen (2003). Sequelae of inadequate treatment of acute pain may lead to alteration in immune function, delayed wound healing and a lower pain threshold in subsequent painful experiences. Firstly, a qualitative study by Murphy, Barett, Cronin, McCoy, Larkin, Brenner, Wakai and O’Sullivan (2013) explores what barriers prevent adequate treatment of paediatric population by emergency service. The study focuses on acute pain in children from the perspective of advanced paramedics in Ireland. Authors of the study believe that there are many factors, or barriers as they call it that render the potential pre-hospital treatment of children inadequate and ineffective. One of the biggest causes identified was the lack of training targeted specifically to paediatric care, current clinical practice guidelines for paediatric pain management, limited exposure to paediatric patients in pre-hospital setting and many others. A huge part of the concern that has arisen from interviews was the difficulty and even inability to assess pain intensity in young children, especially in preverbal age. Also, a disturbing reason listed for oligoanalgesia was short hospital transfer time, which further added to all possible situations, when practitioners would be reluctant to administer analgesia when dealing with children. Melzack and Wall (2003), Williamson and Williamson (1983) and Gilianu, Krane, Galloway And Yaster (2000) are all in agreement that exposure to severe pain in children can cause adverse psychological, biochemical, metabolic and behavioural changes. The study concluded that emergency services must emphasise improvement in paramedic education and training, specifically giving alternatives to assessing pain in preverbal children. Some advanced paramedics even suggest that treatment of acute pain in paediatrics should be approached differently to acute pain in adults. Through focused group interviews moderated by apaediatric emergency medicine specialist, the authors were able to collect the necessary data. Though the study was well designed, it had limitations. There were only twelve participants, however, as the authors point out, it has been argued by Howard and Moore (1989) and Kitzinger (1995) that aminimum of eight participants is accepted to be sufficient. Another factor that have been identified by advanced paramedics in the aforementioned study and a study by Hennes, Kim and Pirrallo (2005) from the perspective of paramedics in United States highlights the inability to effectively administer medications available to paramedics. A concern was raised in the area of cannulating a paediatric patient as well using medications that needed to be inhaled, such as Entonox. Both studies found that practitioners were in many cases unable to firstly, assess the pain score, and secondly treat the paediatric patient, due to the fact that children showed anxiety when trying to give intravenous morphine or oramorph. Murphy, Barett, Cronin, McCoy, Larkin, Brenner, Wakai and O’Sullivan (2013) strongly suggest that identification and mitigation of aforementioned barriers to the prehospital management and treatment of paediatric patients is crucial and should be one of the priorities in further development. Secondly, astudy by Watkins (2006) looked at whether the age of child influenced the likelihood of their receiving prehospital analgesia from their local ambulance services. The study investigated this question in Auckland. Jones, Johnson and McNinch (1996) again raised a concern about inadequate analgesia in paediatric population, which has been further highlighter by Watkins (2006). The study found that children less than 5 years of age are in significant risk of being undertreated of pain by ambulance service. When compared with children who were 5-15 years of age, Watkins (2006) also observed that there was a significant change as they received some form of analgesia in 50% of cases. The study also points out an interesting fact about the use of pre-hospital Entonox. Children given Entonox alone appeared to be in more pain than non-treated children, which is surprising as in adult population, it is reported to produce adequate analgesia for 50% of patients. (Ricard-Hibon, Chollet, Saada, Loridant and Marty, 1999). â€Å"I am sure the air in heaven must be this wonder-working gas of delight† (Fullmer, 2000) Watkins (2006) suggested several possible reasons for this perception of the effect of Entonox, such as incorrect use leading to inadequate effect, as children are in many scenarios crying preventing them from using the equipment properly. Also, it might be relevant to mention that children achieving sufficient level of analgesia using Entonox were 8 years of age or older. As indicated by Watkins (2006), further research is necessary to establish whether the use of Entonox is suitable for analgesia in children. The study also found that no child aged less than 5 years of age received analgesia in form of morphine, which disagrees with claims made by ambulance officers who participated in the study. Again, the author further confirms the theorem that even qualified practitioners have difficulties in assessing and administering analgesia to young children. As mentioned above, the pain caused by gaining intravascular access leads to underuse of opiate analgesia in younger children. As highlighted by Braude and Richards (2004), further investigation of non-invasive methods of pain relief in pre-hospital setting is absolutely crucial. This leads to a morphine sulphate and intranasal fentanyl debate, which has been the subject of several studies. In hospital setting, intravenous fentanyl was shown as an effective alternative to morphine sulphate, however during the last decade, a new option became available. Braude and Richards (2004) indicate that there are at least four reasons to use intranasal fentanyl in pre-hospital setting. This claim is supported by numerous publications including Watkins (2006), Maurice, O’Donnell and Beattie (2002), and Rickard, O’Meara, McGrail, Garner, McLean and Lievre (2007). Maurice, et. al (2007) identified that management of acute pain in paediatrics relies on successful intravenous cannulation that may be technically impossible to perform. Moreover, the author also acknowledged that this increases the risk of needle stick injuries to either the patient or patient’s family and to the staff. A possible replacement in the form of intranasal fentanyl has been long discussed by many authors. Braude and Richards (2004) have reported that intranasal fentanyl has a rapid peak, short duration of action and does not cause the release of histamine, which may cause hypotension. Also, there are very few instances of nausea being caused by administering intranasal fentanyl. Rickard, O’Meara, McGrail, Garner, McLean and Le Lievre (2007) conducted a randomised controlled trial to compare intravenous morphine and intranasal fentanyl for pre-hospital analgesia. Intranasal fentanyl has been used in the inpatient hospital setting, but prior to this randomised controlled trial, there has been no other trial comparing the aforementioned drugs in pre-hospital setting. The study found that there was no significant difference between the effect of intranasal fentanyl and intravenous morphine sulphate in pain reduction. The study identified that there were no previous randomised controlled trials available. The lack of supporting evidence for analgesics have been identified by Borland, Jacobs and Rogers (2002) who also recognised that there was paucity of data to support practice with no randomised trials. Moreover a trial by Borland, Jacobs and Rogers (2002) further confirmed that intranasal fentanyl was comparably effective at reducing pain paediatric in an emergency department. The study had several limitations, including the sample size, which was set out to be 400 patients. Due to time constraints, a total of 258 patients were randomised and out of them, only 227 were evaluable. Also, the side effects were observed by paramedics who were treating the patients, which may have produced biased results. The author notes that a more reliable way of recording such data would be by a trained physician or dedicated paramedic researcher who would not be busy with clinical care. The study notes that nausea and vomiting may still be a problem with the use of fentanyl, especially in the mucosal routes and particularly in children, as they may become uncooperative. It has also been noted that the ability to absorb any medication through nostrils changes throughout the day, because of mucous congestion. Following this conclusion, some Australian ambulance services increased the doses of intranasal fentanyl with reported beneficial outcomes. In conclusion, it is clear that the pain management in paediatric population continues to evolve not only in pre-hospital setting within the United Kingdom, but also around the world where doctors are using their experience with synthetic analgesia to drive the patient care further, broadening the scope of emergency practitioners, such as paramedics employed by UK NHS Ambulance trust. In 2003, morphine sulphate was introduced and marked as a solution to ever increasing problem with oligoanalgesia. More recently, complex studies evaluated the risk to benefit ratio of alternative analgesia more suited for specific part of our population, such as the use of intranasal fentanyl for paediatric patients. Moreover, the essay demonstrated that the improvement must start with clinicians, their understanding of protocols and ways to treat aforementioned group of patients. â€Å"Paediatric patients seldom need medication for the relief of pain. They tolerate discomfort well.† This citation clearly demonstrates how far the care for paediatrics in acute pain has come in recent decades and thanks to the research mentioned throughout the essay, it continues to improve within a hospital as well as pre-hospital setting.

Becoming A Professional Chef Essay example -- Career Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The chefs who have made the greatest impression know that their successes depend upon several factors, some of which are inherent; some which are diligently cultivated. Becoming a professional chef not only requires a thorough understanding in food preparation, but many other important points as well. Auguste Escoffier, the originator of modern foodservice wrote; "No theories, no formulae, no recipe, no matter how well written, can take the place of experience." (1)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The formal educational process must begin with the choice of institution, in the United States, the Culinary Institute of America, New York is the leader in traditional culinary cuisine preparation. The curriculum is taught on the Escoffier ideal. The California culinary Academy, San Francisco, also offers culinary education, but along with the New England culinary Institute, Montpelier, Vt, offer an education for occupational demand and placement. In order to gain a solid understanding in basic and advanced culinary techniques, any aspiring chef will find formal training at an accredited school an excellent beginning.An apprenticeship and or on-the-job training can be useful for some individuals in the place of formal education, and is a a necessary follow-up for all chefs in training. Learning should be an ongoing process, there is no substitute for experience;only with practice will classroom teory become fully developed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The purpose behind the education is learning basic food preparation, learning the styles of knife cuts and food presentation. Most importantly of all food preparation is sanitation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The importance of sanitation cannot be over emphasized. In a business based upon service and hospitality, reputation and indeed, livelihoods are dependent upon the customers good will.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Food-borne illnesses fall into two categories, intoxicant and infections. An understanding of the causes and preventions will limit any contaminations. The food preparation process emcompresses the sanitation process from the beginning, using properly sterile utincels, food storage, etc.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Being a professional chef like any profession has a great many sides. The career opportunities for a chef that come to mind are that, a chef, a cook. The Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly Labor review,November, 1995. By the year 2000, there will be an estimated 16-38% increase for chefs. T... ...ublic, organizing the staff to promote customer relations. The chef must also operate the kitchen, after all that is his profession. The chef must develop the needs and specifications of the kitchen, choose purveyors, organize delivery schedules,make inventory requirements. All the ingredients, no pun intended, will become necessary in a profitable on going operation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When deciding to be a professional chef; the preferred working environment of the individual will dictate how they wish to apply the skill. Being a chef can lead to other occupations as well, some which are not directly related to the foodservice industry. Teaching the skills of a culinarian, newspaper columnist or journalist critic. There are many possibilities to a professional chef outside a kitchen environment, learning by contact with other professionals is what professionalism is all about.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Works cited The California Culinary Academy,WWW.Baychef.com/educational/ index.html. Website. The Wall Street journal,January 2, 1990, Page 1. The Culinary Institute of America,The New Professional Chef. 5th ed.New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold,1991 Becoming A Professional Chef Essay example -- Career Essays   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The chefs who have made the greatest impression know that their successes depend upon several factors, some of which are inherent; some which are diligently cultivated. Becoming a professional chef not only requires a thorough understanding in food preparation, but many other important points as well. Auguste Escoffier, the originator of modern foodservice wrote; "No theories, no formulae, no recipe, no matter how well written, can take the place of experience." (1)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The formal educational process must begin with the choice of institution, in the United States, the Culinary Institute of America, New York is the leader in traditional culinary cuisine preparation. The curriculum is taught on the Escoffier ideal. The California culinary Academy, San Francisco, also offers culinary education, but along with the New England culinary Institute, Montpelier, Vt, offer an education for occupational demand and placement. In order to gain a solid understanding in basic and advanced culinary techniques, any aspiring chef will find formal training at an accredited school an excellent beginning.An apprenticeship and or on-the-job training can be useful for some individuals in the place of formal education, and is a a necessary follow-up for all chefs in training. Learning should be an ongoing process, there is no substitute for experience;only with practice will classroom teory become fully developed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The purpose behind the education is learning basic food preparation, learning the styles of knife cuts and food presentation. Most importantly of all food preparation is sanitation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The importance of sanitation cannot be over emphasized. In a business based upon service and hospitality, reputation and indeed, livelihoods are dependent upon the customers good will.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Food-borne illnesses fall into two categories, intoxicant and infections. An understanding of the causes and preventions will limit any contaminations. The food preparation process emcompresses the sanitation process from the beginning, using properly sterile utincels, food storage, etc.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Being a professional chef like any profession has a great many sides. The career opportunities for a chef that come to mind are that, a chef, a cook. The Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly Labor review,November, 1995. By the year 2000, there will be an estimated 16-38% increase for chefs. T... ...ublic, organizing the staff to promote customer relations. The chef must also operate the kitchen, after all that is his profession. The chef must develop the needs and specifications of the kitchen, choose purveyors, organize delivery schedules,make inventory requirements. All the ingredients, no pun intended, will become necessary in a profitable on going operation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When deciding to be a professional chef; the preferred working environment of the individual will dictate how they wish to apply the skill. Being a chef can lead to other occupations as well, some which are not directly related to the foodservice industry. Teaching the skills of a culinarian, newspaper columnist or journalist critic. There are many possibilities to a professional chef outside a kitchen environment, learning by contact with other professionals is what professionalism is all about.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Works cited The California Culinary Academy,WWW.Baychef.com/educational/ index.html. Website. The Wall Street journal,January 2, 1990, Page 1. The Culinary Institute of America,The New Professional Chef. 5th ed.New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold,1991

Why Are Gasoline Prices Going Up So High? Essay examples -- essays res

Why Are Gasoline Prices Going Up So High? If everyone else in the world is paying a lot more for gas, why shouldn't Americans? Take your average spoiled American who blames the Arabs for raising the gas prices unfairly in order to make a bigger profit. It's true, gas prices have gone up by a lot in the last few months, but is that unfair? Prices still are a lot higher in Canada, Europe and just about any other developed nation, according to Mike Royko in the May 2, 1996 issue of the Chicago Tribune. Ted Z. Manuel in a letter entitled "Voice of the People" of the Chicago Tribune, said "Most anywhere in Europe, gas costs are from $3.00 to $5.00 per gallon. We scream when it hits a $1.35 to $1.75 a gallon, which if adjusted for inflation actually is cheaper than 25 years ago." It seems that Americans just think the world owes them a favor. Maybe it's time that they start playing fairly and stop feeling so sorry for themselves!!! According to many articles, Americans have a lot more to be thankful for than they do to complain about. For one, cars use gas a lot more efficiently than they did in the past. According to Royko, "even today's luxury cars give you better gas mileage than the cheapest Chevies, Fords and Plymouths did not that long ago." What does this mean? This means that gas prices should logically go up. It's the basic law of supply and demand. It's true that more Americans are driving, but the gasoline suppliers still deserve to get p...

Planning, Organising, Learning and Controlling Essay

Stahl is a global market leader in chemicals for the leather industry. Today, Stahl operates 8 manufacturing sites and 30 strategically located technical service laboratories around the globe including here in Singapore (www.stahl.com). The role I posses is hybrid in nature where I am not only accountable for sales targets of certain South East Asia countries but also oversee the development of higher quality and more economical products to our current product range. As a Technical Advisor in Stahl, I am considered to be a Front-Line Manager (Bartol, Tein, Matthews, Sharma, Scott-Laden, 2011, p. 13). The problems we faced are that our customers are complaining that our prices are too expensive as they are able to source for cheaper and yet, better products from our competitors. Basing on my customer interactions and company reports (Stahl Asia SEA Analytical & Market Report 2012, p.15-36); we have lost as much as 20% of our business to our competitors over the last 12 months. We had to change something to how we manage our business, to be competitive and still maintain our position and profit. Bartol et al (2011, p. 72) has explained, like any other company in the world, Stahl is surrounded by 2 external environments. They are the General or Mega-Environment where many companies have limitations in changing or altering it directly. As Davidson, Simon, Woods, Griffin (2009, p.150) points out, the impact of the environment are often vague, imprecise and long term. Thus many organisations majorly tend to focus on the Task or Specific Environment where managers can identify the environmental factor of interest to their company and influence it to their advantage. Stahl has mainly the Competitor, Customer or Supplier to contend within our specific environment but Supplier was chosen, as this was the main element that was causing our market share to be lost. This essay will explore how the Supplier has impacted the way I Plan, Organise, Lead and Control within my organisation. Both Bartol et al (2011, p. 77) and Davidson et al (2009, p. 152) have defined that suppliers are companies or organisations that provide resources such as raw materials, products or services for their day-to-day operations. This element specifically impacts my organisation because we were having too many suppliers that gave huge variances in quality in the raw materials acquired. Sudden surges in production also meant that costs went up due to expensive airfreight charges to facilitate our production. This often meant that part of the costs was often passed on to the customer who is already unhappy about paying more for our expensive product. Something had to change. Even though I am not involved with higher management and their strategies, it was through the company meeting reports (Stahl Asia Review & Actions 2013) and interaction with my immediate manager that I understand we have reduced from 10 to 2 suppliers. This streamline is vital as they can commit to the price we want as we are able to buy in bulk on a regular basis. The quality supplied can be assured as our raw material comes from a reliable source. Furthermore, our supplier is willing to keep a certain amount of raw material in their warehouse should our production decides to surge, at no extra costs. With all this planning in action, this allows us to price our products competitively without harming our profit margin. This in turn in the long run it will enable us to not only regain back our market share but also expand it. The supplier’s element has impacted my job from a Planning, Organising, Leading and Controlling perspective in the following ways. Planning as pointed out by Davidson et al (2009, p. 13) is the setting of the company’s goals and deciding the best way to achieve them. Being a First-Line Manager (Bartol et al, 2011, p. 13) meant that I am not involved with the higher planning of strategies but was advised on it through my immediate manager. It meant that I had to understand the goals of the company which was to develop new products using the raw materials from our 2 suppliers. Organising according to Campling et al (2008, p. 20) is the importance of assigning tasks, resource allocation and the arranging coordinated individuals and groups to execute plan laid out by the management. My manager has assigned the Quality Control (QC) and the Reseach & Development (R&D) teams to support me in achieving our goal of producing a new product with our supplier. Davidson et al (2009, p. 6) mentions that Leading is a management function that motivates & influences others through means of communication and managing groups of people. The daily work interaction with the QC and R&D teams allows me to exercise another set of management skills known as Human Skills (Bartol et al 2011, p.12) that enables me to motivate my team to the required levels of change. With this it also meant I inherently took up the role as what Mintzberg (1980) defines as a leader. Bartol et al (2011, p. 6) explains that managers must take initiative to set and compare standards and if necessary, take corrective action. Thus in Controlling, Davidson et al (2009, p. 14) states that it’s the final management process whereby the company monitors its progress towards its goals. Even though my developed product maybe finalized and have met the standards set by us. I still had to have the product tested by my customer in order to ascertain if it’s acceptable for them. In conclusion, by understanding the problems we faced in losing our business, my company reacted by changing one of the Specific Environments that has the most effect to us, the Supplier. It was the one that we could best change and improve our situation. Hence this change has led me to Plan, Organise, Lead and Control within my organization and as I was a First-Line Manager, I found myself leading most of the times to achieve our company goals.

One Good Turn Deserves Another Essay

When someone does you a good deed, you must never forget it. You must look out for the opportunity to do a good deed to that person. If you do not get that opportunity then you must pass on the good deed to someone else. It is quite a strange fact of life, that a good deed done to another always bring some kind of reward to the person who has done the good deed. Hence you must always return good with good. People go throughout their day encountering random acts of kindness in many various ways. Whether it is simply acknowledging someone who walks right past you by saying hello and smiling, or just holding the door open for someone entering behind you, kindness is everywhere. However, there are also certain people who do not openly express their kindness to others. For example, take the driver who suddenly and abruptly cuts you off when changing lanes; even though you would like to tailgate him all the way to his house to make him angry, â€Å"one good turn, deserves another.† Let the driver go, and carry on with your day. In return, the driver may feel sorry for his or her actions and perhaps one day, when you extremely need to craft a massive 5 lane change manoeuvre, someone will let you go. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him has always preached the philosophy â€Å"Always be kind to others† to his Ummah. Once he said, â€Å"He who is deprived of kindness is deprived of goodness.† Even if others may not behave in a benevolent manner towards you, always respond with kindness. A favour in return for a favour That is what any man will do A favour in return for an evil That is what a manly man will do Sometimes, people may be astonished by your response and feel obliged to do the same to others. In addition to it, a touch of satisfaction lies in performing good to others.

Report on Business Level Strategy Essay

Any given organization may comprise a number of different businesses. Each operating in distinct markets and serving different customers. A market is defined by demand conditions and based on an organization’s customers and potential customers. Industry is determined by supply conditions and based on production technology. Business level strategy is a means of separating out and formulating a competitive strategy at the level of individual business unit. This is sometimes referred to as a Strategic Business Unit (SBU). A Strategic Business Unit is a distinct part of an organization which focuses upon a particular market or markets for its products and services. The parent company sets the overall or corporate strategy. The role of the business unit is to devise a strategy which allows it to compete successfully in the marketplace and to contribute to the corporate strategy. A sustainable competitive advantage is about performing different activities or performing similar activities in a different ways. In other words, the firm must be capable of producing value for the customer that is recognized as being superior to that of its competitors. Michael Porter (1980) developed three generic strategies to help an organization outperform rivals within an industry, and so successfully position itself against the five forces. These strategies are referred to as generic because they apply to different types of organizations in different industries. The first of these three strategies is called Overall Cost Leadership. A cost leadership strategy involves a firm being the lowest cost producer within the industry. This allows the firm to outperform the rivals within the industry because it can charge lower prices and its lowest cost base still allows it to earn profit. In effect, this firm can charge the lowest price within the industry which the rivals simply cannot match. Therefore, a cost leadership strategy allows the firm to make superior profits. A Differentiation Strategy is based on producing products or services which are perceived by the customers as unique or different. A differentiated product has the opportunity to meet different customer needs more closely. It is the difference that is the basis on which the customers are prepared to pay a premium price. Clearly, the cost of producing differentiation must not outweigh the price being charged. Or, put another way, customer should be prepared to pay a price which exceeds the costs of differentiation, thereby allowing the organization to earn superior profits. The third Strategy is referred to as a Focus Strategy. A Focus Strategy allows an organization to target a segment of niche within a market. The segment may be based on a particular customer group, geographical markets, or specific product lines. Unlike overall cost leadership and differentiation strategies which are industry-wide, a focus strategy is aimed at serving a particular target market efficiency.

Language and Identity

There is no doubt that language plays a very important role in human identity, and linguistic factors and semantics denote how exactly an individual is able to communicate using his chosen language. As a matter of fact, today social scientists are intent on analyzing linguistic data, so that they may be able to study human behavior without the accompanying attitudes that are expressed in communication and in identity. Today the approach is interactional, and this must be compared to the systematic investigation and analysis of the speech of groups of individuals that began in the early nineteenth century, at which time the interest was on the organized language of the Enlightenment period. Take for example the studies that Jan-Petter Blom and John J Gumperz carried out on the meaning of linguistic choice and the sociolinguistic approach to a problem in language. These studies used both ethnography and linguistics, and more particularly, the values that are expressed in an individual’s speech genre, especially in relation to the self pride and identity that he reveals through his language when the occasion is an informal one. A second part of the study focused on the ‘rules of alternation’ that form a major part of the linguistic range used by a particular community. Both Blom and Gumperz brought in the concepts of ‘setting, situation and event’, all of which are considered to be various stages one passes through while enacting personal strategies, and in this context, a differentiation is made between the concepts of ‘situational switching’ wherein alternations between different situations would signify a change in the situation, and ‘metaphorical switching’ explained by alternations that serve to enrich a particular situation, and make way to allow more than one single social relationship within the situation. Bernstein (1961) has stated in his studies of the problems of language, society and identity that almost invariably, social relationships act as variables between linguistic structures and the manner in which they are realized when a person speaks. Upon testing the theory, it was found that the speaker’s choice of semantically, grammatically and phonologically possible alternatives in his speech showed that the speech was patterned and predictable because they seemed to be based on certain invariable features of the local social system, thereby revealing the link between language and identity. In Hemnesberget, Norway, most residents are native speakers of the language ‘Ranamal’, a dialect of Northern Norway that corresponded to cultural divisions within the state. In Hemnesberget, a native speaker displays great pride in his dialect, especially because his speech would be taken as being an integral part of his family background, and by speaking the dialect the speaker would symbolize pride in his community, as well as reveal the distinctness and the specialty of the language and what it has contributed to society in general. The speaker would also try his best to show off his locality in the best possible manner when he speaks. This can be taken to mean that dialect as such can constitute a distinct linguistic identity for the individual who uses it. It must be stated here that the usage of the local dialect would reflect local values. It would also signify those relationships between people that are based on a shared love and identification with the local culture. It also signifies and explains the fact that people who belong to the same community or group would automatically try to build up a sense of identification with each other through their use of language, and this would be achieved through greetings, exchanges of personal information, and even through their informal posture towards their fellows.. In this manner, the people belonging to this group would distinguish themselves from another, and in this particular example, the people of Hemnesberget stood apart from their neighboring settlement Mo I Rana in their use of the local dialect. A refusal to speak the local dialect for any reason whatsoever by the locals would be taken as a great insult and the individual would be ostracized for his action and condemned for his pursuit of a social distance from the fellow members of their community. An experiment was conducted to test whether the assumption that one would share his local identity, by using the local dialect during conversations with his friends and neighbors belonging to the same community was correct. For this purpose, two gatherings were arranged by the locals and for the locals, and their conversations were recorded. It was found that the assumption was perfectly correct; not only did the participants perform ‘switches’ but they also showed a strong sense of self identity with the dialect that they used. However, does this mean that only when one uses the dialect, one is considered a part of the local community? What if he had been brought up elsewhere and was not aware of the intricacies of his own local dialect? There are some of the questions that are raised during the reading of the piece. In conclusion it can be stated that in interactional sociolinguistics, one cannot simply assume that language and society constitute two different realities, and the language that one uses is based on his self identity and self value. (Gumperz J John, Blom Jan-Petter) Works Cited Jumperz J John, Hymes, Dell, â€Å"The Ethnography of Communication† Directions in Sociolinguistics, February 29, 2008      

What Contemporary Pressures or Influences have made 'Health and the Essay

What Contemporary Pressures or Influences have made 'Health and the use of illicit drugs' an Issue Health Policy Agenda - Essay Example . Although the mood altering drugs have been in use by the humans since several thousands of years, Australia had no illicit drugs consumption until 1950s. It was the American soldiers on vacation from Vietnam to Australia during 1960s who started spreading the use of cannabis and heroin in Australia. The Federal Senate’s approach during 1970s towards drugs use was that personal consumption of marijuana was not to be treated as a crime but the penalty could be monetary without any conviction record and also not to be used for punishment in repeat offences in future. But the Government did not approve (Pennington,1999). Australia was very vigorous right from the beginning going by the report of Cannabis arrests that almost rose by 1000 percent in New South Wales itself during 1966-1969. (Pennington,1999). This is quite encouraging but one fails to understand why in spite of the of tough attitude of the Government, use of illicit drugs are still widely prevalent in Australia. Thi s paper aims to trace the history of policy initiatives of successive Governments in Australia and examine contemporary pressures and issues that forces the present day Government to have the issue of illicit drugs as part of the country’s health policy. By virtue of being a U.N. member Australia has been influenced by the U.N. initiatives in connection with control of illicit drugs. Thus Australia has always been a signatory to various international treaties dealing with control of drugs such as Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961of the U.N., Convention on Psychotropic Substances 1971 of the U.N. and United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 1988. The Single Convention of 1961 imposes obligations on the signatory States to make laws to implement the provisions of the Convention. One of them is

Why Detaining terrorist in Guantanamo Bay was against American Essay

Why Detaining terrorist in Guantanamo Bay was against American Philosophy - Essay Example Hamdan, a diminutive Yemeni who had been detained in Guantanamo Bay for more than five years, was kept in a tiny room kept cold with air conditioning, while he had nothing proper to cover himself, not even a pair of socks. Swift shared his thoughts with his partner law professor, Neal Katyal, who had been preparing legal briefs on the matter of President Bushs military tribunals. Katyal made his own efforts in writing drafts for the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals trying to figure out what the Department of Defense was going to include in the new guidelines for the Guantanamo Bay detainees. Although the Supreme Court declared the military tribunals as illegal, still Congress protested and passed its own ruling regarding the secluded Guantanamo. This was a defeat of American philosophy. So, the lawyers, Swift and Katyal, decided to challenge Congress. Why detaining terrorists in Guantanamo Bay is against the American philosophy has many fair reasons. It is not legal in any case, according to human rights, to deprive a prisoner of war of his legal right of either being tried or released if proved innocent. The detainees at Guantanamo Bay are neither tried nor released, and they do not even know why they have been brought there and kept in brutal torture. Detainees have been held in Guantanamo Bay without charge for more than five years many of whom have been subjected to severe abuses. This has significantly torn apart American reputation of war. Guantanamo has become an epitome of lawlessness in the eyes of the whole world. American philosophy has enabled the United States to stand among one of the strongest democracies which support human rights and which make other nations comply with the international standards of human rights and humanitarian laws. But now, even the allies of the Bush’s administration are looking at Gu antanamo policy as a failure and violation of American philosophy of war and human rights. Carafano and Rona state that: That the

African american and Immigrant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

African american and Immigrant - Essay Example opinion this subordination primarily involves Black Americans and is used as some form of initiation for an immigrant to be admitted and assimilated into the United States. This paper explores the significance of Ahmad’s perspective on immigration and race issues in America to understanding Ralph Ellison’s story, the Battle Royal and specifically identify what the young African Americans experience today in this context. In Ahmad’s discussion of Morrison’s model of immigrant assimilation, he suggested that Blacks are no longer the sole subjects of the subordination framework in the immigration and assimilation tradition in the US as claimed by Morrison. He attributed this development primarily to the dramatic change in demographic shift, which transforms a largely European-composed American society into one that is predominantly Latino and Asian. According to Ahmad, â€Å"immigrants today are made American not only when they learn to subordinate African Americans, but when they are racialized as subordinates as well.† (102) In Battle Royal, Ralph Ellison illustrated through the Invisible Man what was the ideal African-American individual - one who knows his place, docile and follows the standards that was set for him by the white community. He is equal with the others when we talk of the common good but excluded like the finger of the hand in everything social.1 After the black protagonist’s speech near the end of the story, the white school superintendent exulted on his speech with its impassioned affirmation to the racial stereotype with these words: Gentlemen, you see that I did not overpraise this boy. He makes a good speech and some day he’ll lead his people in the proper paths. And I don’t have to tell you that that is important in these days and times. This is a good, smart boy, and so to encourage him in the right direction, in the name of education I wish to present him a prize†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (281) The young Negro was overjoyed with the approval

Explain the different rules and approaches taken by judges when Essay - 1

Explain the different rules and approaches taken by judges when interpreting an Act of Parliament, giving examples from case law, and critically analyse their advantages and disadvantages - Essay Example 18). As is always the case in other nations, appropriate government departments are often charged with the obligation of overseeing the implementation of Acts of Parliament. This implies therefore, that an Act that governs the transport sector for example is to be implemented by the Department of Transport while both houses of parliament are tasked with the responsibility of supervising the implementation process. Any alterations to an Act of Parliament are always done by passing another Act. At the same time, an Act can no longer apply after being subjected to repealing. The judiciary plays a critical role in putting into practice Acts of Parliament, as judges and magistrates base most of their rulings on such legislations. Consequently, this essay aims to provide more insight on some of the rules and approaches judges rely on while interpreting an Act of Parliament as well as their advantages and disadvantages to the justice system. Interpretation simply refers to the act of making sense out of a legislation. It is imperative to note that judges normally use both intrinsic and extrinsic materials in analyzing and understanding Acts of Parliament (Statutory Interpretation). Intrinsic materials majorly refer to the provisions that exist within the legislation to be interpreted whereas extrinsic resources refer to the input judges receive from everything not found within the bill. Subsequently, judges use extrinsic materials for purposes of non-adherence to literalism. The Interpretation Act of 1978 is one of the legislations that judges have significantly referred to in the course of analyzing case facts and reaching verdicts. Under the words of enactment for example, the Act provides that every single segment of an Act take effect as a fundamental enactment devoid of preliminary arguments. Under the amendment and repeal in same session section, the Act provides that the Act in question may be

Icons of America - A New Perspective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Icons of America - A New Perspective - Essay Example One icon was the person who pulled America out of the great depression and changed the world history after World War II. The second through his sheer courage and total belief in social equality and justice fought for unifying the society of America towards justice and equality. Franklin D Roosevelt was the only president of America who served the longest consecutive terms as President of the country. With his New Deal he pulled American economy out of depression and stabilised it. Initially he kept America out of the war by stating that no American soldier should be sacrificed for the war fought by European nations. This statement was not to let the war prevail in the world. He knew the capacity and power of his own country and certainly did not think America to be a weak nation. Going ahead after the attack on pearl harbour and US commercial ship he declared war on Japan and three days later on Germany. He led the allies very successfully through the war and turned the war around su ccessfully. He died when the victory of the war was near. What makes FDR great? His speeches which brought the nation together at war time? His decisions which showed great vision of future? Or his stand on shaping the foreign policy of the nation which dominated the world politics for decades even after his death? What makes him iconic is the sheer definition of patriotism in the era. The times demanded Americans to come together and fight, be it the economic crisis or fighting the enemy who had destroyed their finest base and challenged their might. FDR was responsible in tying the nation together. He became the symbol of the unity of the nation. People believed in him and he stood by their trust and faith. The times demanded that he stood firm and face the challenge only to come out of it successfully. He accepted the challenge and proved that he can deliver. He stood the tests of time and acquired the iconic status he deserved on his sheer merit and capabilities. In the years to follow World War II, American society changed dramatically. The country played a very dominant role in the world politics and international relations. It was always known as the lane of opportunities but now the gates opened for more people to come in and settle down and help the country prosper more and more. America came to be known as cultural melting pot of the world indicating that people of all the races, colours, nationalities can stay together, work together and coexists in harmony, can rise to heights of career on merit and hard work. If this situation is considered then patriotism takes a different meaning. It now means a society which is open, social and welcoming. That definitely doesn’t mean losing identity, but it means more shades of various colours are now welcome to make the painting more beautiful. It also means that only we Americans provide the opportunity you deserve and are capable of giving you a better life. Martin Luther King Jr. gave his life to tea ch these values of humanity to American society and the world. He was a parishioner who worked tirelessly towards equality for African-American people in the society. He founded SCLC, led Montgomery Bus Boycott and various other movements for the social justice and equality. It is because of his ceaseless efforts, social justice an

Breathe Right Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Breathe Right - Case Study Example With the expansion of the market, this means that the company had to modify its drugs to meet the various requirements of the foreign markets. Secondly, the company experienced increased growth. The growth was because of the company having new markets. They therefore, had to grow in large numbers and launch new branches in the different countries. This means that the company had to employ more people to work on its newfound market. A third advantage is the increased consumer awareness of CNS products. When new products were introduced in the new markets, more consumers were eager to know what the products were about and the different curative effects that the products had. Through advertising for these products in media stations, it helped increase consumer awareness of CNS products. This in turn attracted more consumers who buy the drugs either as a prescription or over the counter. Additionally, the company benefited from the increased sales. When the company decided to go global, it increased its sales volume by a large percentage. This was because of the increased demand of its product. An increase in sales means that there was an increase in sales revenue too. This means that there was increase in the amount that the company was able to transact in a day. More notably, the company benefited from the newly gained local partnership in the various countries where it expanded. Moreover, the company benefited from an increase in profits, which enabled it to expand. However, the company faced some disadvantages. These include the increased operational cost. The company had to increase the amount of money that it spends in order to maintain the new operations at the various places where it expanded. Secondly, some consumers bought the drugs over the counter without the right prescriptions. This was jeopardizing the existence of the CNC Company in that it was at a risk of being sued for selling its

Change management (organisation) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Change management (organisation) - Essay Example To the hopeful it is encouraging because things may get better. To the confident It is inspiring because the challenge exists to make things better. It would be appropriate to distinguish between â€Å"change† and a â€Å"project† right at the out-set. A project is a temporary and one-time endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or service, that brings about beneficial change or added value. (1). A change, referred to in this context, includes a broad array of topics. From an individual perspective, the change may be a new behavior. From a business perspective, the change may be a new business process or new technology. From a societal perspective, the change may be a new public policy or the passing of new legislation. Successful change, however, requires more than a new process, technology or public policy. Successful change requires the engagement and participation of the people involved. (1). For organizations to develop, they often must undergo significant change at various points in their development. Change in organizations occurs when the organization changes its overall strategy for success, adds or removes a major section or practice, and/or wants to change the very nature by which it operates. (2). It also occurs when an organization evolves through various life cycles, just like people must successfully evolve through life cycles. (3). Ackerman (1997) has distinguished between three types of changes:- Transformational Change Also known as Organisational Change it is radical in nature comprising basically a paradigm shift in the organisation and its members. Transformation results in significantly different structure, processes, culture and strategy. Although the concepts and principles of change presented in this paper are applicable to all types of change, the essence of this paper is biased towards Transformational Change in higher educational institutions, particularly Northumbria University. (4). Northumbria University